Sherif Khalif examines whether Islamic sukuk can help governments finance development without deepening dependence on conventional public debt. Egypt's budget pressures provide the central case, while the Malaysian and Sudanese experiences supply contrasting models of regulation, issuance, asset structure, and institutional practice. The study explains how sukuk differ from interest-bearing bonds and evaluates the legal, fiscal, and market conditions required for responsible use. It does not present Islamic finance as a slogan or an automatic cure. Instead, it weighs opportunities against implementation risks and offers policymakers, researchers, and finance students a comparative framework for judging when sukuk can support sustainable public investment.